早就听说过了对于复杂的系统一般会结合多种语言进行开发,最近摸索了下C++和Python混合编程,在此总结一下,做为笔记。

对于C++和python混合编程实际上包含两部分内容:

  • 用C++写python扩展(extending): 即所谓的在python中调用C/C++代码,一般用于对效率要求高核心模块用C/C++编写,通过一些处理后生成动态库如cppmod.so,然在python代码中import cppmod,即可调用C/C++
  • python脚本嵌入到C++程序中(embedding): 即所谓的C++代码调用python,C++ app要嵌入python解析器从而调用python代码

就实现而言,对于这两者都可以直接用Python/C API,具体可以去参考python文档,但都比较麻烦

  • 对于1, 主要的方案有 boost.python 以及swig, 后者不太了解,本篇主要讲利用boost.python,对C/C++处理后生成动态库,python导入后调用C/C++代码
  • 对于2, C/C++代码中嵌入python,也可以用 boost.python,当然直接 Python/C API也可以

##一、Python C API写 python embedding

python嵌入 C/C++ 的程序,我们需要在一条 #include 语句处含入 Python.h,并在程序开始时调用 Py_Initialize(),在程序结束时调用 Py_Finalize()。

#include <Python.h>
// using python c API to wrte a python embedding

const static char* python_code = "\
from time import time,ctime\n\
print 'Today is', ctime(time())\n";

int main()
{  
    Py_Initialize();
   
    PyRun_SimpleString(python_code);
   
    Py_Finalize();
    return 0;
}

编译:

[tanli@p04bc boostpython]$g++ sampleEmbed.cpp -I /usr/include/python2.7 -lpython2.7 -o sampleEmbed
[tanli@p04bc boostpython]$./sampleEmbed
Today is Fri Nov 22 10:18:50 2013

##二、boost.python 写 python embedding

boost.python 写python embedding更简单些,exec执行一个语句,exec_file执行一个python程序

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/python.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost::python;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  Py_Initialize();

  object main_module = import("__main__");
  object main_namespace = main_module.attr("__dict__");
  exec("hello = file('hello.txt', 'w')\n"
       "hello.write('Hello world!')\n"
       "hello.close()",
       main_namespace);
  exec("result = 5 ** 2", main_namespace);
  int five_squared = extract<int>(main_namespace["result"]);
  cout << "The five_squeared caculated by python is " << five_squared << endl;

   // Load the sys module.
  object sys = import("sys");

  // Extract the python version.
  std::string version = extract<std::string>(sys.attr("version"));
  std::cout << version << std::endl;


  object simple = exec_file("simple.py",main_namespace, main_namespace);
  object add = main_namespace["add"];
  int val = extract<int>(add(5, 100));
  cout << "Python has caculated add as " << val << endl;


  return 0;
}

编译运行下:

[tanli@p04bc boostpython]$./embeddByBooostPy
The five_squeared caculated by python is 25
2.7 (r27:82500, Oct 20 2010, 13:31:35)
[GCC 3.4.5 20051201 (Red Hat 3.4.5-2)]
Python has caculated add as 105


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